<p>March Route of Rochambeaus Army: Plainfield Pike is a 3.6 mile-long road segment in Plainfield and Sterling, Connecticut which forms a portion of the historic march route of Comte de Rochambeaus army in June 1781 on its way to Yorktown, Virginia, and again of the returning army in November 1782. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 2003.</p><br>
<p>It is a linear historic district consisting of a portion of Connecticut Route 14A, locally known as Plainfield Pike, which is level in the eastern part but generally hilly with curves. Along the route is open land of pasture and cornfields, wooded areas, and streams, including Ekonk Brook. It is bordered on both sides by stone walls about 50 feet apart for most of the way. As of 2002, the walls were clearly visible at some times of the year, although overgrown in places, but difficult to see in the summer. The only concentration of houses as of 2002 was of 18th- and 19th-century houses in the Sterling Hill Historic District section. The segment includes views of farm fields and other countryside suggestive of how the land would have appeared in 1781 and 1782 for the troops marching through, including views west to ridges on the west side of the Quinebaug River valley. According to the NRHP nomination for the district:</p><br>
<p>Although it is now a paved state highway, the road retains its narrow, hilly, winding character, and for most of its length, the characteristic borders of stone walls remain in place. This is the longest continuous portion of the route to survive with these physical attributes intact. This is also the only portion of the route that still offers repeated vistas of distant ridges (). Elsewhere, the route has been too affected by re-forestation to allow such views.</p><br>
<p>The area listed is the roadway owned by the Connecticut State Department of Transportation, and not the adjacent properties. In 1781, the roadway was poor, at least to the east of the hamlet of Plainfield just east of the listed district, and it caused difficulty for the artillery and baggage trains making their way to Plainfield from their second camp near Watermans Tavern in Rhode Island. Frenchman Clermont-Crevecoeurs journal recorded: "very bad roads. The artillery and the supply wagons arrived very late" at the Plainfield camp. Von Closen agreed, "The roads were still very bad", as did du Bourg: "The roads still quite bad, many stragglers".</p><br>
<p>There are multiple other properties associated with Rochambeau&#39;s route that were also considered for listing on the National Register in a 2001 study.</p><br>
<p>The Mixer Tavern is a historic tavern, now a private residence, at 14 Westford Road in Ashford, Connecticut. Portions of the building date to 1710, making it one of Ashfords oldest buildings. It is also distinctive for its well-preserved tavern features, and its long history  as a travelers accommodation and local meeting point. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Mixer Tavern is located near what is now the village center of Ashford, at the northeast corner of Westford Road and Pompey Hollow Road (United States Route 44). It is oriented facing south toward Pompey Hollow Road behind a thick screen of trees. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a side-gable roof and center chimney. Additions extend the size an additional two bays to the west, and also to the rear. The interior is based on a typical Georgian center chimney plan, except the right side has a small chamber behind the front parlor space, from which it is separated by a half-wall with a folding door. The left front parlor space has particularly fine woodwork in the fireplace surround. The kitchen space at the rear provides access to a distinctive walk-in storage vault that is built into the chimney. This feature is an enlarged version of storage spaces sometimes seen in older chimneys, a clear indication of the building&#39;s early use as a tavern.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portions of the building are traditionally dated to 1710, when John Mixer purchased the property (then 100 acre, now just 13), and applied for a license to operate a tavern. In addition to its well-preserved vernacular 18th-century architecture (including rarely-preserved tavern features), it is the only known tavern to operate in what is now Ashford for many years, and continued in that role into the early 20th century. It underwent a significant restoration effort in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The Natchaug Forest Lumber Shed is a historic utility building in Natchaug State Forest in Eastford, Connecticut, United States. It was built in the 1930s, and is one of the only surviving buildings  built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the forest. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Natchaug Forest Lumber Shed is located in the maintenance yard of Natchaug State Forest, on Kingsbury Road near the geographic center of the forest. The yard is the former site of the CCC camp which operated in the forest in the 1930s and early 1940s. The shed is located at the southern end of the yard, on the east side of the road. It is a vernacular post-and-beam structure with vertical board siding. Its north-facing front has five equipment bays with double-leaf wooden doors.</p><br>
<p>Natchaug State Forest was established in 1919, and was over 12,000 acre in size by the 1930s. Its facilities (roads, trails, and other infrastructure) were developed by a crew of the Civilian Conservation Corps which was based in the forest between 1933 and 1941. Buildings that crew is known to have built include a workshop, garage, oil house, barn, sawdust shed, and three lumber sheds. When this building was listed on the National Register, it was reported that three buildings survived, of which two had been extensively altered. This shed is the best-preserved of the three.</p><br>
<p>The Packerville Bridge is a historic stone arch bridge carrying Packerville Road over Mill Brook in Plainfield, Connecticut. Built in 1886, it is one of less than twenty surviving 19th-century stone arch bridges in the state, and is a well-preserved example of vernacular 19th century masonry bridge technology. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Packerville Bridge is located in a rural setting southwest of Plainfields central village, carrying Packerville Road over Mill Brook just north of its junction with Lowes Way. The bridge is located just downstream from the Packerville Dam, a remnant surviving element of a 19th-century mill that stood nearby at the time of the bridges construction. It is a masonry arch bridge with cut-stone barrel and rubble spandrels with a span of 26 ft and a total structure length of 31 ft. The roadway width is about 20 ft, and is set about that distance above the water flow.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1886, after a major flood washed away most of the town&#39;s bridges. It was built out of stone because locations below mill dams were considered at greater risk of flooding owing to dam breaches, and stone bridges were thought to be better able to withstand that type of event. The stone was quarried near Westerly, Rhode Island. The principal alteration to this structure is the changing of the guard rails from stone to metal in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The Plainfield Woolen Company Mill is a historic mill building on Main Street in Plainfield, Connecticut. Built in 1901, the building played a vital role in revitalizing the local economy, which was stagnating at the time. It remained the site of active textile manufacturing until 1984. The building is a visually distinctive landmark in the community, in part because of its unusual monitor roof. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It has been converted into condominia.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Plainfield Woolen Company is located on the south side of the town&#39;s Centre Village, on the west side of Main Street near its junction with Norwich Road. It stands on 8 acre bounded by the road and the Moosup River, historically its source of power. The mill pond is southeast of the plant. The mill is composed of a series of attached brick buildings, roughly forming a J shape. The main structure of the complex is four stories in height, and is covered by a roof with a monitor section at its center.</p><br>
<p>The site of the mill had been used at least since 1827, when a textile mill was established there. By the later decades of the 19th century, that mill had suffered from repeated flooding and increasing competition from more efficient producers, and had failed. The size and scale of the Plainfield Woolen Company operation was larger, and was focused in the production of high end woolen fabrics for use in men&#39;s suits and coats. At its peak it employed 300 people, with the machinery mainly operated by men. The mill remained in some sort of textile production, under a series of ownership changes, until 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Hezekiah S. Ramsdell Farm was a historic farm in Thompson, Connecticut. It was located on what was once known as Ramsdell Road, but is now a hiking trail on the lands surrounding West Thompson Reservoir. The property was made famous by a standoff between the United States Army Corps of Engineers  and Alice Ramsdell, the feisty owner of the property who refused to leave after USACE acquired it by eminent domain as part of a flood control project in the 1960s. The dispute, highlighted by an incident in which Mrs. Ramsdell supposedly met government officials holding a shotgun, was ended when the government acquiesced to her demand to stay on the property. The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The farm was purchased in 1825 by Hezekiah Ramsdell, an itinerant Methodist minister. The main house was believed to date to about 1736, and was an example of a regionally distinctive Georgian style, with brick end walls. Alice Ramsdell grew up on the farm, learning how to maintain and operate the equipment, and tending to a small apple orchard. In 1955, the nearby Quinebaug River suffered one of the worst floods on record, one of a number of Connecticut&#39;s rivers to do so. In the aftermath of those floods the USACE developed plans to mitigate future flooding, which included construction of the West Thompson Reservoir. Of more than 50 landowners approached, Alice Ramsdell was the only one to refuse their offer of a buyout; she then also refused to vacate the premises after the property was taken by eminent domain. After the standoff, she was allowed to remain on the property, paying a nominal rent to the USACE.</p><br>
<p>Following the death of Alice Ramsdell in 1995, the USACE announced plans to demolish the farm buildings, which had deteriorated in her later years. The original farm site is now accessible via a hiking trail.</p><br>
<p>The Sumner-Carpenter House is a historic house at 333 Old Colony Road in Eastford, Connecticut. Built about 1806, it is a well-preserved local example of a rural Federal period residence, augmented by a modest collection of Colonial Revival outbuildings. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Sumner-Carpenter House is located in a rural area east of Eastford center, on the north side of Old Colony Road just west of its crossing of Bungee Brook. It is a -story wood-frame structure, consisting of a main block and a series of additions. The main block has a hipped roof, with a side gable-roofed ell, apparently built either with or not long after the main block, with a gable roof, and a c. 1900 two story gable-roofed wing to the rear. The main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by wide sidelights, and topped by a rounded transom and corniced entablature. The window above the entrance is in the Palladian style, with a rounded center window flanked by narrower sashes. The interior retains a number of original features, as well as sensitive reproductions of parts that were seriously deteriorated.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1806, probably by Vini Goodell who also built the Benjamin Bosworth House, for John Newton Sumner. It is a well-preserved local example of a rural Federal period residence, augmented by a modest collection of Colonial Revival outbuildings. The property was the centerpiece of a typically larger farm property that was one of the town&#39;s most successful. One late 19th-century owner, David Carpenter, was active in civic affairs, serving as town selectman and in the state legislature. The house underwent a historically sensitive restoration in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>Taylor&#39;s Corner is a historic house at 880 Connecticut Route 171 in Woodstock, Connecticut. Dating to the 18th century, it is a well-preserved local example of vernacular colonial and Federal architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. It operated as a bed and breakfast inn until 2020 when it was sold and became a private residence once again.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Taylor&#39;s Corner is located in a rural setting west of the central village of Woodstock, on the south side of a bend in Somers Turnpike (CT 171) at its junction with Pulpit Rock Road. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a side-gable roof and a large central chimney. A series of additions and wings extend to the left side of the main block. The main block is built using a timber frame and plank-framed walls, and architectural evidence suggest that the west side of the house is somewhat older than the east side. The interior follows a central chimney plan, with a narrow entrance vestibule also containing a narrow winding staircase to the second floor.</p><br>
<p>Based on architectural analysis (because the documentary record is cloudy and ambiguous before 1800), the main house probably reached its present form around 1790, and represents a well-preserved example of 18th-century rural residential architecture. The current owners of the property believe the houses oldest portions to date to the early 18th century, possibly as early as 1713. The property has had a long succession of owners, and got the name "Taylors Corner" from Clinton Taylor, and early 20th century owner.</p><br>
<p>The Union Society of Phoenixville House  is a historic community building at 4 Hartford Turnpike in Eastford, Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The village of Phoenixville is within the town of Eastford, and the Union Society of Phoenixville House is located at the junction of State Highway 198 and USA Route 44. It is a rectangular wood-frame structure, three bays wide, with a side gable roof and a granite foundation. It has two entrances, one in the center bay of the east-facing facade, and another in the south facade, in a projecting gabled vestibule. It was built in 1806, but spent many years as a Sunday School and social meeting space. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Mill owner Smith Snow built the house as a wedding gift for his wife. In the mid-1800s, a national Union Society movement swept the United States as an effort to teach children to read during Sunday School. At that time, many children worked 6 and 7 days a week and received no education. They were considered "lost souls." The Union Society of Phoenixville gathered on Sundays at various homes. The Union Society of Phoenixville House was one of the homes that welcomed everyone who wished to participate, regardless of age, gender, social status, spiritual beliefs, or ethnic origin. The formal Union Society of Phoenixville incorporated in 1906 with the mission of providing morally uplifting activities for children and families. In addition to the weekly Sunday School, many village gatherings happened in this building. These included pot luck suppers, wild game suppers, card games such as dominoes and whist, fundraising oyster suppers for the volunteer fire company, and holiday parties celebrating Easter, July 4, Halloween and Christmas. In 1918, 87 children received gifts at Christmas from the Union Society. The traditional gifts were an orange and a box of hard candy, but needy children often received a small piece of jewelry, a game or puzzle. Youngsters played croquet in a section of the yard surrounded by the foundation walls of a former barn. Starting in the late 1920s, the croquet court was lighted at night by electricity generated by a nearby mill that waw owned by John Smith, who, with wife Edith Wheaton Smith, lived in an adjacent house. Through the 1950s, children played croquet on the croquet court. When the Sunday School children reached the age of 12, they were urged to memorize the 10 Commandments, and when they could recite these Biblical laws, each child received a King James Bible. One of these Bibles has been donated by Mary Jezierski, who received her Bible in 1937. Mary was a resident of the adjacent town of Ashford, and was one of several children who were transported to the building for Sunday School. All were welcome. Activities continued at the property until the year 2000. In 2002, due to dwindling membership and maintenance challenges, the building was sold to the Town of Eastford. Currently it is undergoing renovations with the objective of reopening it for public use. The building is listed on the State and National Registers of Historic Places due to its contributions to the cultural heritage of the region. It is one of only two Union Society buildings still standing in Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Waldo House is a historic house museum at 96 Waldo Road in Scotland, Connecticut. Built about 1715, it is a well-preserved example of colonial residential architecture, which was occupied by a single family for over 250 years. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Edward Waldo House is located in far southern Scotland, on the north side of Waldo Road, which serves as the town line with Sprague. The 12 acre property on which it stands extends across the road into Sprague. It is a two-story wood-frame vernacular house, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. The main facade is five bays wide, with symmetrically placed windows around a center entrance. The entrance is simply trimmed, with a modest entablature and cornice above. Windows on the second floor are smaller than those on the first, and butt against the eave. A series of additions extend from the rear of the house. The interior retains a number of period features, including a built-in cabinet in one of the parlors, wide floorboards, and a paneled staircase in the entry vestibule.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1715 by Edward Waldo, on land that he had purchased in 1702. Waldo was a farmer and deacon of the Congregational church in Scotland. He and his wife Thankful had ten children. Among his descendants were residents of the house that included Daniel Waldo, a Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives, and the portrait artist Samuel Lovett Waldo.</p><br>
<p>The Waldo house was first to be built in what is now Scotland, but was then part of Windham. It was occupied by six generations of the Waldo family before being given to the Scotland Historical Society in 1971, complete with its contents. The society has turned the house into a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Woodstock Academy Classroom Building is a historic school building on Academy Road in the Woodstock Hill village of Woodstock, Connecticut. Built in 1873, it is the oldest standing building on the campus of the Woodstock Academy, which was founded in 1802, and is a prominent example of Italianate school architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Woodstock Academy Classroom Building is a three-story wood-frame structure that stands impressively on a rise overlooking the Woodstock Green. It is nine bays wide, with the middle three projecting outward, capped by a pedimented gable over the center bay. Window bays are articulated by paneled pilasters, which rise to paired brackets in the eaves. Windows on the projecting section are topped by pedimented and bracketed cornices. The building is topped by a two-stage belltower.</p><br>
<p>Woodstock Academy, established in 1802, is one of the oldest private schools in Connecticut. Repairs to its first building were supported by Henry Chandler Bowen, whose summer residence, the Roseland Cottage, also faces the Woodstock Green. In 1867 he kicked off a fundraising campaign to build a new classroom building, pledging $5000 to the school&#39;s endowment, and another $5000 for building construction, provided that the town and local residents also contributed to the fund. Alexander G. Cutler of Norwich was retained to design the building, which was completed in 1872. The building is the only known academic building in the state to retain significant Italianate features.</p><br>
<p>The Witter House is a historic house on Chaplin Street in Chaplin, Connecticut. Built in 1820–21, it is a high-quality and little-altered example of Federal period architecture executed in brick. It was home to the town&#39;s first town clerk, remaining in the Witter family until 1960. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Witter House is located in the roughly linear village of Chaplin, on the west side of Chaplin Street a short way south of its junction with Tower Hill Road. The -story brick structure is a late example of Georgian architecture. It is five bays wide, with paired chimneys at the ends of the hip roof. The centered entrance is flanked by arched sidelight windows and has a fanlight above. The fanlight detail is echoed by semi-elliptical fan louvers above each window. The roof has a monitor section at its center, an unusual feature not normally found in New England houses of the period. The interior retains many period features, including wide floorboards. There are seven fireplaces in the house, each with distinctively carved mantels. The two front parlors each feature a free-standing carved column.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1820-21 and owned by three generations of medical doctors all named Oren Witter. It was sold out of the family in 1960 to another medical doctor, F. Brae Rafferty. The first Oren Witter also served as the first town clerk for Chaplin, after it was incorporated in 1822.</p><br>
<p>The Willimantic Freight House and Office is a historic railroad freight facility on Bridge Street in the Willimantic section of Windham, Connecticut. Built in 1870, the freight office, a fine example of Second Empire architecture, is now the only surviving element of the citys 19th-century railroad buildings; the freight house has been demolished. The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 as an important reminder of the citys importance as a major railroad junction in eastern Connecticut.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Willimantic Freight Office building is located on the grounds of the Bridge Street Plaza on the west side of Bridge Street south of Main Street. It is located at the western end of the main plaza building, between it and the former railroad right-of-way. The building is 1-1/2 stories in height, with a mansard roof providing a full second story with round-top dormer windows. It is roughly square, with three bays on each side. The main entrance is on the west side, sheltered by a decorative hood. Windows are set in round-arch openings, as is a secondary entrance on the track-facing northern facade. The freight house originally stood just east of the office; it was a long single-story frame structure, 170 ft long, covered by a gabled roof. It has since been demolished.</p><br>
<p>The freight office was built about 1870, and is a prominent local example of Second Empire styling. It is also the last surviving element of what was once a large suite of railroad-related buildings, including passenger, freight, and maintenance operations that populated the citys railyards. At the time, the city served numerous freight trains daily, which were the principal means by which goods were delivered to the city. The freight office and shed would have been a major service and transit point for the citys merchants and economy.</p><br>
<p>The Willimantic Elks Club is a historic Elks lodge at 198 Pleasant Street in the Willimantic section of Windham, Connecticut. Built in 1925 for a lodge founded in 1914, it is one of the finest examples of Tudor Revival architecture in the region, and has been a major site of social events in the community since. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Willimantic Elks Club is located in a residential area across the Willimantic River from downtown Willimantic, set on the south side of Pleasant Street between John Street and Lebanon Avenue It is a large 2-1/2 story building, with steel frame construction and a half-timber and stucco appearance characteristic of the Tudor Revival. The ground floor is finished in fieldstone, and the building corners are finished in brick quoining. A large addition lacks architectural notice, but is sited to minimize intrusion on the appearance of the original building. The interior of the building houses social and meeting spaces, built to dimensions specified by the national Elks organization at the time of its construction.</p><br>
<p>Willimantics Elks lodge was established in 1914, and quickly became a major civic and business social center in the community. Its membership included a cross-section of the communitys business leadership and was ethnically diverse, although only white men were originally allowed as members. The hall was built in 1925 and enlarged in 1957 to serve Elks functions. It is the area&#39;s finest example of Tudor Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>Willimantic Armory is a historic armory building on Pleasant Street in Windham, Connecticut. It served the Connecticut National Guard from 1913 until 1980 when the building was sold to developers who converted the building into apartments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1909, officials from the city of Willimantic requested funding for a modern armory from the Connecticut General Assembly. Opposition by a few senators were concerned with the scope of military construction was overridden by supporters and the bill passed - allocating $50,000 to construct a single company armory. A 300 foot by 160 foot lot was purchased from Samuel Chesbro for $6,500 and the architectural firm of Whiton & McMahon was awarded the contract to design the building and the builder F. D. Kent received $32,405 for the construction.</p><br>
<p>The armory was home to Company B, 169th Infantry until the 1960s when it was replaced by the 248th Engineer Company. The armory remained the home of the 248th until it closed in the late 1970s when a new armory in Norwich, Connecticut was constructed and the unit transferred.</p><br>
<p>The Willimantic Armory was closed and sold to developers who converted the building into apartments while refurbishing and preserving the exterior of the building. Renovation of the interior eliminated most traces of the original design.</p><br>
<p>The armory was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Characteristics</h2><br>
<p>The Willimantic Armory consisted of two distinct elements, both of red-brick construction. The head house was a two-story, flat-roofed structure surmounted by a high parapet and a blocky tower. The drill shed was a -story gable-roofed structure in the rear of the head house.</p><br>
<p>The Jonathan Wheeler House is a historic house on North Society Road in Canterbury, Connecticut. Built c. 1760, it has features unusual for its time, including end chimneys and a center-hall plan. The use of brick in this part of rural Connecticut is also unusual for the period. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Jonathan Wheeler House is located in a rural setting of northern Canterbury, on the east side of North Society Road about 0.5 mi south of the Brooklyn line. It is set near the road, at the southwest corner of an 85 acre parcel historically associated with it. It is a -story brick structure, with a side gable roof and end chimneys. Its main facade is five bays wide, the center entrance set in a rectangular opening with a seven-light transom window. The interior follows a central hall plan, with parlor spaces on either side of a truncated hall, and the kitchen at the rear. Stairs to the attic are located in the hall, on the right side. It retains a number of original features, including woodwork, plaster, and brickwork. A modern wood-frame wing extends to the rear and right side.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by about 1760 by Jonathan Wheeler, who moved to the area from Stonington in 1751. His family was well-established there, and he had purchased a number of land parcels in the Canterbury area in the 1750s. The house is unusual for its central-hall plan, built at a time when central chimneys were more common, and for its use of brick in a single-story rural building. The house remained in the hands of Wheeler descendants until 1870.</p><br>
<p>The Long Society Meetinghouse is a historic church building at 45 Long Society Road in Preston, Connecticut. It is one of only about a dozen surviving colonial "broad side" meeting houses, and is the last example surviving in Connecticut that has not been altered from that configuration by the addition of a tower or relocation of its entrance or pulpit. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Long Society Meetinghouse is located in western Preston, on the north side of Long Society Road, surrounded by a small cemetery. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, with a side gable roof and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is three bays wide, with the entrance at the center, sheltered by a late 19th-century enclosed vestibule. The vestibule has a gabled roof, and applied Stick style woodwork. The side walls are also three bays wide, with windows in each of the bays. The rear wall has only a single window, that for the pulpit, which is placed high in the center of the facade. The interior has a small entry area, from which stairs lead to the left and right to the gallery. The gallery extends around three sides of the interior, supported by columns with turned capitals. The open downstairs of the sanctuary is filled with simple bench pews.</p><br>
<p>The Long Society was a Congregationalist parish set off from Norwich, building its first meetinghouse at this site in 1726. The present building was built as a replacement in 1819; its relatively primitive interior, especially in comparison to meetinghouses of the late 18th and early 19th century, suggests that this building was basically a reconstruction of the original, some of whose timbers may have been recycled in its construction. The Society declined in size in the late 19th century, and its last records date to 1927. The building is now owned by the town and maintained by the local historical society.</p><br>
<p>The Ridgebury Congregational Church is a historic church in the Ridgebury section of Ridgefield, Connecticut. Founded in 1760, it is a member church of the United Church of Christ. It is a small wood frame Greek Revival structure, built about 1851 on an older foundation. Its main facade has a single centered entrance, flanked by tall windows. The entry is framed by pilasters and an entablature with cornice. The building&#39;s corners are also pilastered, with an entablature extending around the building below the roof line. A two-stage square tower rises above the entrance, topped with a parapet and pinnacles at the corners.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Saint Benedict - Our Lady of Montserrat, or simply St. Benedicts Church, is a Catholic church in Stamford, Connecticut, in the Diocese of Bridgeport. The historic brick Neo-Tudor church at 1A St. Benedicts Circle was built in 1930 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The architect was Henry F. Ludorf of Hartford, Connecticut. The exterior uses a variety of building materials, including brick, ashlar stone, timbering, and stucco. The church&#39;s main facade is asymmetrically arranged with its entrance on the left, under a handsome timber-frame porch, and a stone tower to the right which is topped by a bellpot roof.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns Protestant Episcopal Church is an historic church located at 628 Main Street in Stamford, Connecticut. The church  is an English Gothic Revival structure, built in 1891 to a design by William Potter. It has buttressed stone construction, with a compound-arch entry and a large rose stained-glass window. The associated parish house, also a Gothic Victorian structure, was designed by Richard M. Upjohn and built in 1869–72.</p><br>
<h2>Rectors</h2><br>
<p>The first rector of St. John&#39;s Church was installed in 1748, and the following individuals have served as rector of the parish.</p><br>
<p>Ebeneezer Dibblee, 1748–1799</p><br>
<p>Jonathan Judd, 1812–1822</p><br>
<p>Ambrose Seymour Todd, 1823–1861</p><br>
<p>Walter Mitchell, 1861–1866</p><br>
<p>William Tatlock, 1866–1896</p><br>
<p>Charles Morris Addison, 1897–1919</p><br>
<p>Gerald A. Cunningham, 1920–1942</p><br>
<p>Stanley F. Hemsley, 1942–1974</p><br>
<p>Douglas E. Theuner, 1974–1986</p><br>
<p>Leander Harding, 1989–2005</p><br>
<p>James R. Wheeler, 2007–2019</p><br>
<p>St. Luke&#39;s Chapel is a historic building at 714 Pacific Street in Stamford, Connecticut. The chapel was built in 1891 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Lukes Chapel is an Episcopal Church chapel structure that was built in 1891. The chapel was built by members of St. Johns Episcopal Church in Stamford and continues to be owned by that parish. St. Luke&#39;s chapel includes Late Gothic Revival, Shingle Style, and Romanesque architecture. The 0.9 acre listing included 3 contributing buildings: the church, a social hall known as the Parish House, and a rectory.</p><br>
<h3>List of Historical Places</h3><br>
<p>In 1987, St. Luke&#39;s Chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is listed for its meeting architectural criteria. The property was covered in a Multiple Property Submission study of Downtown Stamford Ecclesiastical Complexes.</p><br>
<h2>Community programs</h2><br>
<h3>Homeless Shelter</h3><br>
<p>The mission at this chapel was renewed in 1982 through the work of a small group of seven laypersons who lived in a form of Christian community found in the Acts of the apostles. During the seven years at the chapel, many of this community lived in the building which served as a temporary housing shelter for person&#39;s displaced from their living spaces. Additional ministries where a summer camp, a food co-op, a clothing exchange and a tutorial program for the neighborhood. The red cross used the larger gymnasium as a temporary emergency shelter for large number of persons displaced by fire (or other natural disasters. Many neighboring churches from many different denominations participated in a dinner held for the residence of the shelter. Additionally, two group homes were started in neighboring apartments, called Gilead house and St Francis house, for the chronically mentally ill. After seven years of service, Rev. Shuster was called to continue the ministry.</p><br>
<p>In 1990, St. Luke&#39;s Chapel provided a homeless shelter for homeless women and children. At that time, the chapel was affiliated with The Coalition for the Homeless in Stamford.</p><br>
<h3>St. Luke&#39;s Lifeworks</h3><br>
<p>St. Lukes Lifeworks was created by attendees of St. Lukes Church. Lifeworks was renamed "Inspirica" as a Homeless shelter for families and also provides assistance for individuals suffering with HIV/AIDS. In 2009, Rev. Richard L. Schuster was the executive director until his passing.</p><br>
<p>The Freedom Rides Museum is located at 210 South Court Street in Montgomery, Alabama, in the building which was until 1995 the Montgomery Greyhound Bus Station. It was the site of a violent attack on participants in the 1961 Freedom Ride during the Civil Rights Movement. The May 1961 assaults, carried out by a mob of white protesters who confronted the civil rights activists, "shocked the nation and led the Kennedy Administration to side with civil rights protesters for the first time."</p><br>
<p>The property is no longer used as a bus station, but the building was saved from demolition and its façade has been restored. The site was leased by the Alabama Historical Commission and a historical marker was located in front of the building. In 2011, a museum was opened inside the building, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The museum won a national preservation award from the National Trust for Historic Preservation in 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>In 1950, Greyhound Lines retained architect W.S. Arrasmith to build a new bus station in Montgomery, Alabama, to replace an earlier station on North Court Street. Incorporating a streamlined style and vertical "Greyhound" name in neon, it is an unassuming example of Greyhound bus stations in that time, derived from a standard plan and built for $300,000. The station opened in August, 1951.</p><br>
<p>The bus station is significant only in its relationship to the events of the single day of May 20, 1961. The building had a door labelled "Colored Entrance&quot African Americans entered through it directly into the bus bay, accessing interior of the segregated terminal from the rear. The site at 210 Court Street placed the station directly behind Montgomery&#39;s USA District Courthouse on Lee Street.</p><br>
<h2>Freedom Ride to and through Montgomery</h2><br>
<p>Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States, in 1961 and subsequent years, to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions which had ruled segregated public buses to be unconstitutional.</p><br>
<p>As organized by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) for May 1961, the rides would have mixed pairs of riders sit side by side on Greyhound and Trailways buses crossing the American South from Washington, D.C. to New Orleans, between May 4 and May 17. Alabama stops were planned for Anniston, Birmingham, and Montgomery, during the final leg that ran from Atlanta, Georgia to New Orleans.</p><br>
<h3>Violence in Anniston and Birmingham</h3><br>
<p>In Anniston, a mob of angry whites violently attacked the Greyhound bus and set it on fire; the riders were severely beaten. The Trailways bus arrived an hour later and was boarded in Anniston by Ku Klux Klan members who beat up the Freedom Riders. It was also attacked in Birmingham, and several riders (including James Peck) were beaten in front of the press. Reports of the violence reached USA Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, who urged restraint on the part of Freedom Riders and sent an assistant, John Seigenthaler, to Birmingham. CORE agreed to halt the Freedom Ride in Birmingham on May 14, with the remaining riders flying to New Orleans.</p><br>
<h3>The Nashville Student Movement continues the Ride</h3><br>
<p>Diane Nash, of the Nashville Student Movement (and a member of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) and others were undeterred, and 21 young students, including John Lewis, took the place of the original riders for a leg of the Freedom Ride to Montgomery (the ultimate destination was Jackson, Mississippi). All but one (Ruby Doris Smith, from Atlanta) were from Nashville, Tennessee, and many were from Fisk University. Greyhound had initially refused to allow any of their drivers to drive the bus; after an angry intervention by Robert F. Kennedy, and with an escort of state troopers provided by Floyd Mann, the Alabama Director of Public Safety, the bus left Birmingham for Montgomery on May 20.</p><br>
<h3>Violence in Montgomery and federal involvement</h3><br>
<p>The riders were left unescorted by the state troopers as they reached Montgomery city limits, and arrived at the bus station at 10:23 AM. There they were met by a crowd of violent white protesters, including women and children. Several were injured in the attack, including Robert Kennedys assistant John Seigenthaler, who had followed the bus in his car: attempting to rescue two white female riders, he was hit over the head with a metal pipe and "lay unconscious on the ground for half an hour." Floyd Mann, who had stationed his troopers a few blocks away despite lacking jurisdiction, stepped in to protect William Barbee, who was to remain paralyzed and died an early death as a result of his beating. Mann fired his gun in the air, yelling, "Therell be no killing here today. A white attacker raised his bat for a final blow" at an unconscious Jim Zwerg who was accompanied by John Lewis. Mann put his gun to the mans head. "One more swing," he said, "and youre dead." Mann&#39;s troopers soon arrived at the terminal to restore order.David Halberstam, The Children (New York: Ballantine, 1999). Quoted in</p><br>
<p>On Sunday, May 21, Martin Luther King Jr., C.K. Steele, and SCLC officers came to support the Freedom Riders. That evening, they and the riders joined the evening service in Ralph Abernathys First Baptist Church on North Ripley Street while some 3000 angry protesters yelled outside, burning a car and threatening to burn the church. From inside the church, King telephoned Robert Kennedy, who urged the activists to "cool down," a proposal refused first by Diane Nash, and then by James Farmer (on behalf of CORE) and King. Kennedy had sent 500 USA Marshals, headed by United States Deputy Attorney General Byron White. Airborne troops were on standby at Fort Benning, just across the Georgia state line. The Kennedy Administrations decision that it would send US troops to restore order was protested by city and state officials. The marshals, with the help of Floyd Mann and his state troopers, managed to keep the mob at bay; it was finally dispersed with the help of the National Guard at midnight.</p><br>
<p>On the morning of Wednesday, May 24, the Freedom Ride resumed, with riders boarding buses from Montgomery bound for Jackson, Mississippi. A first group of riders left from the Trailways station, and a second boarded a mid-day Greyhound departure. In Jackson, the students, which by now included Nashville Student Movement activists Bernard Lafayette, James Bevel, and others, were arrested as they attempted to desegregate the "Black" and "White" waiting rooms in the bus terminal.</p><br>
<p>As a result of the unrest and the nationwide publicity generated by the Freedom Rides, in late May Robert Kennedy was able to successfully petition the Interstate Commerce Commission to adopt stronger regulations and desegregate interstate transportation.</p><br>
<p>The bus station attack had also resulted in a court order against the Ku Klux Klan by Judge Frank M. Johnson, who served in the courthouse directly behind the Greyhound station. The courthouse was named for Johnson in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Closure and preservation</h2><br>
<p>The Greyhound station was closed in 1995, and its history is indicated by a historic marker placed there in 1996. The station fell into disrepair, and plans to open a museum were delayed repeatedly, leading to accusations of racial prejudice against the Alabama Historical Commission. The internationally renowned architectural firm Ralph Appelbaum Associates produced a design plan for the building. The site was noted as one of Montgomery&#39;s tourist attractions though the building could not be entered.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, descriptive panels were added across the front exterior of the building. In images and text, the fifteen panels illustrated the events of May 1961, but the interior remained inaccessible.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the services of Cohen Carnaggio Reynolds, architects out of Birmingham, AL, were retained by the Alabama Historical Commission to rehabilitate and refurbish the interior of the bus station into The Freedom Rides Museum.</p><br>
<p>In May 2011, commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the riot at the bus station, a 3,000 ft&sup2; museum was opened in the presence of Jim Zwerg. The building was also listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 16, 2011. Previous owners had covered the original segregated entrance with bricks and torn down a sign indicating where non-whites were supposed to enter. The museum opted not to restore these features, but it did choose to highlight the building&#39;s segregated design in its exhibitions.</p><br>
<p>In May 2021 the museum unveiled a restored Greyhound bus in honor of the 60th anniversary of the Freedom Riders. The 1957 model bus was in service during the Freedom Rides in 1961.</p><br>
<p>Mansfield Armory, is a historic National Guard armory located in Mansfield, Pennsylvania, in Tioga County. It was built in 1938-1939 for the 108th Ambulance Company, 103rd Medical Regiment of the Pennsylvania National Guard. The utilitarian brick, 94 by building has a center drill hall rising above the surrounding one story section.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Wellsboro Armory, is a historic National Guard armory located in Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, in Tioga County. It was built in 1932 for the Company I, 103rd Medical Regiment of the Pennsylvania National Guard. The armory consists of a brick building laid out on an "I" plan, with a two-story drill hall sandwiched between a two-story administrative section and two-story garage.</p><br>
<p>The Wellsboro Armory was formerly home to Charlie Company 3/103rd Armor before the unit moved to Mansfield, PA to join the ranks with D 3/103rd. Delta was later disbanded. Charlie Company relocated to 1810 Shumway Hill Rd in 2003. The former building still exists but is not used for that purpose anymore. It is the headquarters for Charlie Company 3/103rd AR. The armory is home to 6(six) full-time personnel including 2(two) recruiters and 4(four) maintenance personnel. It was built in 2004 for the purpose of training unit members. The armory replaced a smaller outdated armory in downtown Mansfield, PA. This information was received from SGT. VANLOON, D.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Jesse Robinson House, or the Jesse Robinson Manor, is an historic American home that is located in Wellsboro in Tioga County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic structure is a three-story Queen Anne-style house that was built in 1888. Designed by Elmira architects Pierce & Dockstader for Jesse Robinson, it features a steeply pitched roof, specially cut wood shingle siding in the dormer areas, and a wrap-around, lattice-trimmed porch. The house also features two prominent balconies and many stained glass windows. The house has been a hospital in the past and privately owned by several owners.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Wellsboro Historic District, is a national historic district in Wellsboro, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, United States. It includes 531 contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and four contributing objects. It is a 360 acre district that is a mixed use commercial / residential / institutional district. The historic structures date from 1835 to the 1950s and include the Tioga County Court House , Arcadia Theater , First Presbyterian Church , Green Free Library, Penn-Wells Hotel , First Presbyterian Church , St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church , United Methodist Church of Wellsboro , and Wellsboro Diner . Three previously listed properties are also included: the Robinson House, Jesse Robinson House, and Wellsboro Armory.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Little Buffalo Historic District, is a national historic district that is located in Centre Township and Juniata Township near Newport, Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district encompasses a number of sites and structures which date from the iron-making era prior to 1850 when the settlement was known as Juniata Furnace. These include the remains of the iron furnace complex, Superintendents House (1861), cemetery, first and second levels of the Blue Ball Tavern, covered bridge known as Wahnetas of Clay&#39;s Bridge, and the hiking trail that was once the bed of the Newport and Shermans Valley Railroad.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Newport Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Newport and Oliver Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district consists of a large residential neighborhood of primarily vernacular, working-class homes, a commercial area, industrial buildings, public buildings, three bridges, and a cemetery. Of the 418 contributing buildings, 361 are residences. Notable commercial buildings include the Graham Hotel (1871), Butz Building (1875), and Centennial Building (1876). The remains of the Jones Warehouse date prior to 1820 and are a part of the David M. Myers Warehouse.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, the Newport Square underwent a revitalization project, during which all overhead power lines were moved underground or rerouted. Updates included the addition of period-style streetlamps, as well as ornamental trees, brick planters and new flag poles. These changes helped return the square to a more historical appearance.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Places of Note</h2><br>
<p>Bridge in Newport Borough</p><br>
<h2>Historical Residences</h2><br>
<p>15 South Second Street, Newport, PA</p><br>
<p>20 South Second Street, Newport, PA</p><br>
<p>51 South Second Street, Newport, PA</p><br>
<p>119 South Second Street, Newport, PA</p><br>
<p>The Waggoner Covered Bridge, also known as the Roddy&#39;s Mill Covered Bridge, was an historic, American, wooden, covered bridge that was located in Northeast Madison Township and Tyrone Township in Perry County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, it was destroyed in a fire on October 21, 2021.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic structure was a 74 ft Burr Truss bridge that was erected circa 1889 and crossed Bixler&#39;s Run. Its WGCB reference is 38-50-15.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>On October 21, 2021 the bridge was destroyed in a fire.</p><br>
<p>The Rice Covered Bridge, also known as the Landisburg Covered Bridge, is an historic, American wooden covered bridge that is located in Tyrone Township near Landisburg in Perry County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic structure is a 123 ft combination Burr truss and queen post bridge, constructed in 1869. It crosses Shermans Creek. Its WGCB reference is 38-50-10.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Dellville Covered Bridge is a wooden covered bridge located in Dellville Pennsylvania. It is a 174 ft, three span, burr truss bridge over Shermans Creek, built to replace a previous covered bridge constructed in 1889 by Andrew Clouser.</p><br>
<p>The original bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>On November 3, 2014, it was significantly damaged in a fire that police later ruled was arson. In 2017, work removing the burned and charred remains of the old Dellville Covered Bridge began, and in 2018, the work rebuilding the bridge began in earnest. By July 2019, the new replica bridge was completed at a cost of $966,000. In November 2019, two men were charged as juveniles for the arson.</p><br>
<p>The Fleisher Covered Bridge, also known as Fleisher&#39;s Covered Bridge, is an historic wooden covered bridge located in Oliver Township, near the community of Newport in Perry County, Pennsylvania. It was built as a single-span bridge in 1887.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Crossing Big Buffalo Creek, the Fleisher Covered Bridge is a 113-foot-long, single-span, Burr truss bridge, which was constructed in 1887.</p><br>
<p>Steel I-beams were erected in 1960.</p><br>
<p>This bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>In 1986, repairs were completed on the bridges fourth bearing point. In 1993, engineers recommended the installation of new steel floor beams and hangers to shift the bridges arch and truss loads to the steel beams.</p><br>
<p>The Kochenderfer Covered Bridge is an historic, American, wooden covered bridge that is located in Saville Township in Perry County, Pennsylvania. It crosses Big Buffalo Creek.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1919, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic structure is a 72 ft, modified king post, queen post truss bridge that was erected in 1919. Its WGCB reference is 38-50-09.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Israel and Samuel Lupfer Tannery Site and House, also known as Monterey Tannery, is an historic, American home and tannery complex that is located at Toboyne Township in Perry County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Ths site consists of the archaeological remains of a substantial nineteenth century tanning operation and a stone residence constructed about 1852.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>O&#39;Donel House and Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Toboyne Township near Blain in Perry County, Pennsylvania. The complex consists of the farm house, bank barn, wood shed, outhouse, and combination washhouse / smokehouse. The two bay house, erected about 1863, is built in the log corner post style  and rests on a foundation of coursed fieldstone.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Perry County Courthouse is an historic, American courthouse building that is located in New Bloomfield, Perry County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Construction on this American courthouse began in 1826 and was completed the next year. The building was then extensively altered in 1868. Designed in the Greek Revival style, it is a two-story, white brick structure that is three bays wide and six bays long. The low-hipped roof is crowned by a cupola that dates to 1826. An annex was completed circa 1892.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The East Oriental Covered Bridge, also known as the Sheaffer Covered Bridge, is a historic wooden covered bridge located at Perry Township near Meiserville in Snyder County, Pennsylvania and Susquehanna Township near Oriental in Juniata County, Pennsylvania. It is a 90 ft Burr Truss bridge. It crosses Mahantango Creek, but is no longer in vehicle use.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Aline Covered Bridge, also known as Meiserville Covered Bridge, is a historic covered bridge located in Perry Township near Meiserville in Snyder County, Pennsylvania. It is a 60 ft Burr Truss bridge built in 1884. It crosses the North Branch of Mahantango Creek.</p><br>
<p>In 1982 a new bridge was built to bypass the covered bridge, which is open only to pedestrian traffic. A round picnic table sits in the middle of the bridge.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The North Oriental Covered Bridge, also known as Beaver Covered Bridge, is a historic wooden covered bridge located at Perry Township near Meiserville in Snyder County, Pennsylvania and Susquehanna Township near Oriental in Juniata County, Pennsylvania. It is a 62 ft King post bridge. It crosses Mahantango Creek.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Bridge between Monroe and Penn Townships, also known as the Penns Creek Bridge, Camelback Bridge, or Camelback, was a historic bridge located at Monroe Township and Penn Township near Selinsgrove in Snyder County, Pennsylvania. It was a 194 ft barrel arch bridge built in 1919. It spanned Penns Creek. It was removed in 1994.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Selinsgrove Hall and Seibert Hall are two historic, educational buildings that are located on the campus of Susquehanna University in Selinsgrove in Snyder County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Selinsgrove Hall is a -story brick building that was designed in the Italianate style and built in 1858. The roof features a wooden cupola. This structure is featured on the university&#39;s seal.</p><br>
<p>Seibert Hall is a -story brick structure that was built in 1902, using a restrained Colonial Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Gov. Simon Snyder Mansion is an historic, American home that is located in Selinsgrove in Snyder County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The home of the third Governor of Pennsylvania, Simon Snyder (1759–1819), it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic residence is a 2½-story, stone house that was built during the early nineteenth century. It features a gable roof and two gable end chimneys. The building suffered a fire in 1874, after which a Victorian style porch and bay window were added. It was the home of the third Governor of Pennsylvania Simon Snyder (1759–1819).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Gottlieb Brown Covered Bridge, also known as the Sam Wagner Covered Bridge, is an historic, American wooden covered bridge that is located in Liberty Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Situated near Potts Grove in Montour County and East Chillisquaque Township near Mooresburg in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, this historic structure is an 86-foot, 8 inch long, Burr Truss bridge that was built in 1881. It crosses Chillisquaque Creek.</p><br>
<p>Gen. William Montgomery House is a historic home located at Danville in Montour County, Pennsylvania. It is a -story stone house with a pedimented gable roof. The main house is three bays by two bays. Attached to the stone structure is a gable-roofed, -story log and frame structure, thought to have been the original Montgomery House and constructed about 1777. It was the home of the developer of Danville, Gen. William Montgomery .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Montgomery House is now owned by the Montour County Historical Society and is open for seasonal tours on Sunday afternoons.</p><br>
<p>Ashtabula is a plantation house at 2725 Old Greenville Highway near Pendleton in Anderson County, South Carolina, USA. It has been also known as the Gibbes-Broyles-Latta-Pelzer House or some combination of one or more of these names. It was named in the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district on March 23, 1972. It is considered a significant example of a Lowcountry style plantation house built for a Charleston family in the Upstate in the early 19th century. It also is part of the Pendleton Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Around 1790, Thomas Lofton built a two-story, brick house at the site. Later, the Gassaway family owned the house, which they operated as a tavern on the stage road from Pendleton to Pickensville and Greenville.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-1820s, Lewis Ladson Gibbes from Charleston built the frame house now known as Ashtabula. His spouse was Maria Drayton of Drayton Hall and a niece of Arthur Middleton. She died in 1826 and he died in 1828 just before the completion of the house. Some of their children lived in the house.</p><br>
<p>It was sold to Dr. Ozey R. Broyles in 1837. Broyles had an interest in agricultural and invented a subsurface plow. In 1845, the plantation set the "world&#39;s record for rice" production of 110 bushels per acre with each bushel weighing 43.75 lb. During this period, the average production in South Carolina was of the order of 40 bushels per acre.</p><br>
<p>In 1851, the plantation was sold to James Latta. He imported some of the first Hereford cattle from England to improve the cattle stock. At the beginning of the Civil War, Robert Adger of Charleston purchased the house for his daughter Clarissa and her husband O. A. Bowen. Clarissa kept a detailed diary of life on the plantation that was published in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Sarah E. Adger, daughter of Robert Adger, and her husband William D. Warner developed a dairy farm managed by a neighbor, J. C. Stribling. They brought the first Jersey cattle into South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>In 1880, Francis J. Pelzer, who built Pelzer Manufacturing Company, purchased the property. It was later owned by a number of South Carolinians. The last private owner was Frederick W. Symmes of Greenville. He owned it from 1940 to 1957.</p><br>
<p>It was then purchased by Mead Paper Company. They gave the house to the Foundation for the Historic Restoration in the Pendleton Area in 1961. The Foundation&#39;s name was changed to the Pendleton Historic Foundation in the 1990s.</p><br>
<p>Ashtabula is now a house museum run by the Pendleton Historic Foundation. The house is furnished with antebellum furniture. It is open Tuesday through Friday and Sunday afternoons from April to October.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is a two-story, nearly square, frame structure that is four bays wide. The house has a hip roof, two interior chimneys, and a widow&#39;s walk at the top. The house has two rooms on each side of a central hallway on each floor. The ceilings are about 12 ft high. The house has piazzas on three sides, supported by square columns. The front door has sidelights and a five-light transom. The windows are six over six light sash windows. The drawing room windows are French windows with panels below that open to the porch.</p><br>
<p>The interior walls are wide, horizontal planks covered with wallpaper. The central staircase has been moved back. Currently, there is a U-shaped staircase with a landing above the back entrance.</p><br>
<p>A passageway connects to the original brick house, which served as the kitchen and servants&#39; quarters. This is the 1790 two-story brick building with a hip roof and central chimney.</p><br>
<p>The Hoosick Falls Armory is located along Church Street  in Hoosick Falls, New York, United States. It is a red brick building with castellated tower dating to the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>One of many armories in New York designed by state architect Isaac G. Perry, it is one of his earlier armories, more restrained and less imposing than those he built later in his career. It has remained mostly intact since its construction. The military units of the New York National Guard based there, first mustered during the American Civil War, have fought in the 1916 Mexican Border Campaign, in Belgium during World War I, and the Battle of Saipan during World War II. It is closed as a military facility and currently houses the Hoosick Armory Youth Center and Community Coalition, abbreviated as HAYC3, which runs community events and provides studio and office space to small area businesses.</p><br>
<p>In 1995 the armory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. With the 2009 auction of the 18th Separate Company Armory in Glens Falls, and the purchase and conversion of the Hoosick Falls Armory into a community center, the Gloversville armory is the only one still in military use in the Capital District.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The armory is located on a flat lot roughly a quarter-acre (1,000 m) at the northeast corner of the Church and Elm Street intersection, southwest of downtown. The neighborhood around the armory has a mix of commercial and residential properties. There are houses on the other side of Church; to the south is a car dealership and Immaculate Conception Church is behind the armory. A chain-link fence is on the south, a parking lot in the rear and the front has a small lawn.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a large rectangular gable-roofed brick building. The load-bearing walls rest on a rusticated limestone foundation. The two-and-a-half-story west (front) section serves as administrative offices; the two-story, eight-bay rear is the drill shed. All sections of the building have seamed metal roofs.</p><br>
<p>On the front, two towers flank the three-bay facade. The main entrance, located on the northernmost bay of the first story, has a large steel double door with half sidelights topped by a round fanlight with protective iron grille. The other two bays have tripartite round-arched windows. On the second story the windows are similar but paired, and a single group of three windows is in the apex of the gable. At the roofline the cornice is machicolated between a corbeled string course.</p><br>
<p>The two-story southwest tower has narrow windows with stone sills, flared brick lintels and a conical roof. The taller northwest tower has similar windows that get much shorter on the third and attic stories, topped by a crenelated parapet and machicolated cornice.</p><br>
<p>On the north and south facades of the drill shed, brick pilasters separate the windows, given a similar treatment to those on the first story. Two bays have double-doored entrances. The rear facade is blank. Three shed dormer windows pierce the roof on either side.</p><br>
<p>Within the armory some original features remain. In the front hall, these include the oak staircase, lockers and some door trim. The second-floor offices are intact but modern paneling has been installed over the original plaster. The attic has been heavily altered. Some original pressed-metal ceilings remain in the basement, but otherwise it has been completely redone. In the drill shed, the original hardwood floors, brick walls, exposed steel trusses and wainscoted ceiling remain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A volunteer militia unit had been based in Hoosick Falls since 1835. It fought in the Civil War at both First and Second Bull Run, the Peninsula Campaign, Manassas Gap, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. In 1885 it was organized as the 32nd Separate Company.</p><br>
<p>It moved into the armory, one of 20 in New York known to have been designed by state architect Isaac G. Perry, in 1889. It was one of Perry&#39;s earlier works. Like his later armories it shows the influence of medieval military architecture and the contemporary Richardson Romanesque style, but unlike the later ones it is more restrained and less imposing on its surroundings.</p><br>
<p>In 1892 the unit was called to active duty during the Switchman&#39;s Strike in Buffalo. Six years later, the members volunteered to serve in the Spanish–American War and became Company M of the 2nd New York Infantry. They wound up being garrisoned in Florida for the duration of hostilities as transportation to Cuba was not available; while there many became sick with tropical diseases and two succumbed to typhoid fever.</p><br>
<p>The unit next saw action when they were among the 100,000 National Guardsmen federalized in 1916 by President Woodrow Wilson in response to Pancho Villa&#39;s cross-border raids into New Mexico and Arizona. This heightened state of readiness helped them mobilize for World War I the following year. They were combined with a unit from Troy and attached to the 27th Division as Company M of the 105th Infantry. The unit served in Belgium with British troops attacking the Hindenburg Line and sustained heavy casualties. One of them was First Lieutenant William B. Turner, who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions in singlehandedly taking out enemy machine gun placements. The bodies of the dead lay in state in the armory upon their return to Hoosick Falls.</p><br>
<p>In October 1940, the unit, now Company A of the 105th, was mobilized again in anticipation of possible war. Its soldiers did not see combat until 1943, when they accompanied the 165th Infantry at Makin Atoll in the Gilbert Islands. Later they fought alongside the Marines at Saipan and Okinawa. In December 1945, a few months after the war ended, they were restored to state control.</p><br>
<p>The 27th became an armored unit, and the 105th accordingly became the 205th Armored, with the Hoosick Falls unit as Company C. In 1970 the 205th was absorbed into the new 210th Armored. Dwindling membership in the unit and low community use of the building led to the closure of the armory for one year in 1980. It reopened due to the need for community space. In 1993 the 210th was reorganized as the 101st Cavalry (Armor). 101st Cavalry was deactivated in 2006 shortly after the unit returned from deployment to Iraq.</p><br>
<p>The Central School was a school building in Martins Ferry, Ohio, United States. Located at the corner of South 4th and Hickory Streets, the school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 23, 1979. It is no longer on the Register: the designation was removed on February 21, 1980, less than a year after it was added. Designed by Benjamin Exley and C.H. Owsley, it was built in 1897 in the Richardsonian Romanesque style of architecture.</p><br>
<p>The building was demolished to make room for the Citizens National Bank, the current owners.</p><br>
<p>The Francois Cousin House near Slidell is located in eastern St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, west of the City of Slidell, Louisiana. The house is a French Creole Cottage, likely built between 1778 and 1790, by Jean Francois Cousin. Cousin, born in 1745 in New Orleans, managed his father&#39;s lumber and brick making business interests on the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain. He built this home facing Bayou Liberty which has direct access to Lake Pontchartrain. Behind the home are the pits used to mine the clay. Cousin also owned property in Lacombe, Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>The core of the home, built c. 1790, was constructed with briquette entre poteaux walls (bricks between posts). The front gallery, running the length of the home, has chamfered gallery columns. Behind the gallery are two rooms of equal size, with one large additional room behind, all served by a central chimney with wrap around mantels. There is a dormer located above this section of the home.</p><br>
<p>In the late 19th century or early 20th century, an additional three rooms were added to the rear of the home, along with side galleries.</p><br>
<h2>Hurricane Katrina</h2><br>
<p>The home is now owned by William Thompson Lowry who originally bought the home with his late wife Pomeroy Lowry. In 2005, the home was flooded with four feet of water from Hurricane Katrina, and again in 2008 to a much lesser extent by Hurricane Ike. The Lowrys worked with historic preservation offices and the Federal Emergency Management Agency to save the home by raising it while at the same time preserving the home&#39;s historic architecture. It was finally finished in May 2011. Permission was received from FEMA and the National Park Service to raise the home in order to preserve it on November 13, 2009. Work began in December 2009 to save the house and was finally finished in November 2011.</p><br>
<p>Hurricane Katrina also wore away some of the top soil on the property, exposing brick molds and discarded bricks from the Cousin brick business. With the Great New Orleans Fire (1788), followed by the Great New Orleans Fire (1794), destroying most of the buildings in the City of New Orleans, bricks made from the clay on the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain were much in demand. The brick company operated six schooners to carry its products across the lake.</p><br>
<p>Detail of construction technique.JPGDetail of construction technique, Cousin House. Photo shows original construction, c. 1787–1789. The bricks were made on site. The cypress beams are also believed to have come from the site. The mortar is clay. The plaster, shown over parts of the mortar, consists of human and horse hair, Spanish moss, and other materials.</p><br>
<p>Cousin House Side Gallery Addition.JPGSide gallery added to the Cousin House about 100 years after original construction.</p><br>
<p>View of Bayou Liberty from Cousin House.JPGView of Bayou Liberty from Cousin House. The Live Oak survived Hurricane Katrina.</p><br>
<p>The American Thermos Bottle Company Laurel Hill Plant, located in the Laurel Hill section of Norwich, Connecticut, in the United States, includes 11 contributing buildings and two other contributing structures. The original plant was built during 1912–13 and used a historic Italianate house as a company office building. The plant was the primary factory where Thermos brand vacuum flask bottles were manufactured from 1913 to 1984. The plant is historically significant to its connection to the Thermos Company and the history of Norwich. The complex is architecturally significant because it displays the adaptive use of industrial mill design to new industry. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Since its nomination, numerous changes and renovations have occurred. The surrounding area has seen the construction of condominiums and the large manufacturing building being renovated and re-purposed for loft-style apartments. Renovations on the northern end of the property would require the demolition of two buildings to construct the Integrated Day Charter School. Completed in 2008, a new two-story addition created an indoor gymnasium, kitchen, offices and a new lobby for the school.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The citizens of Norwich, Connecticut, sought out the Thermos company to build and operate a plant on the banks of the Thames River. A group of citizens under the group "Norwich Boomers" rallied the community to purchase 27 acre of land for 750 $/acre so that it could be used for the Thermos Plant. The house of Dr. William H. Mason was included in the purchase. Together, the citizens and the city raised $78,000. A contract was signed on February 14, 1912, designating Norwich as the home of the Thermos Plant. In return, Thermos would include the citys name in the companys advertisements. The operations expanded into nearby Taftville, operating until they were phased out and shut down in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Plant overview</h2><br>
<p>The plant was laid out roughly north to south orientation along the Thames River. The plant itself is a mixture of interconnected buildings and stand-alone structures. The stand-alone structures included three propane sheds (Buildings 63, 64 and 65) that were located near the Human Resources building (Building 86) and its storage shed (Building 30). The main structure of the plant was a string of connecting buildings that were erected and integrated into the production and operation of the plant. At the north end of the plant was the Research and Development building (Building 87), it was located connected to two large storage buildings (Building 1 and 2). On the front of Building 2 was the main offices (Building 85). Building 2 is connected to the largest building, the Manufacturing Building (Building 3), which is connected to the Manufacturing Glass House (Building 5) and Glass House 2 (Building 32). Building 32 also served as storage building. Connected to Building 5 is the Glass House Cullet & Mix House (Number 7) and the Compressor & Auxiliary Generator building (Number 9) at the southern end.</p><br>
<p>Originally, the plant consisted of the company offices and the large Manufacturing Building. The Mason house, which would become the company office was originally constructed in 1861. It is a two-story brick Italianate style house that was converted to be used as an office building and significantly modified throughout the years. The 1929 addition added a wing that connected it to the metal products building which was built that year. In 1942, a two-story front addition was added and another addition to the west was added around 1950. These additions also resulted in the removal of the cupola, brick chimneys, front entry, and veranda. The Manufacturing building, constructed from 1912 to 1913, is three stories high on the river side and two stories on the east. It is divided into 31 bays with pilasters. At each end of the building are stairs and elevator towers. The structural remains of the original glass house survive as a sub-basement in a one-story extension at the south end of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Human Resources and Research and Development buildings were originally constructed around 1912 by the MacKay Copper Process Company. The property was acquired in 1923 by the Thermos Company following the foreclosure of the MacKay company. The Human Resources building was used by the enameling department until its conversion in 1948. The Research and Development building was previously the Engineering building. A one-story hipped frame gatehouse was constructed in the 1920s. The Carpenter Shop (Building 62) was constructed in 1926. The Thermos factory completed construction of a storage building in 1929 (Building 2) and another storage building in 1941 (Building 1). Glass House 1 (Building 5) was constructed in 1939 and incorporates a warehouse dating from 1930 into its construction. Glass House 2 was constructed in 1951 and is connected to the Manufacturing Building by a conveyor.</p><br>
<h2>Modern use and adaptation</h2><br>
<p>The plant was a set in the 1990 movie Everybody Wins, after which the property was partially redeveloped into condominiums. The project failed and resulted in the closure of the Brooklyn Savings Bank in 1990. The factory was also converted to loft-style apartments.</p><br>
<p>In 1997, the Integrated Day Charter School renovated a 16,000 ft2 section of the factory for use as a school. This required the demolition of two buildings to serve as space for a playground and parking spaces. The total cost of the renovations were estimated at $750,000 and would be partly paid by the State of Connecticut. The renovations were expected to be completed by August 27, 1997, in time for the school&#39;s opening. Integrated Day Charter School has a maximum enrollment of 330 students across pre-kindergarten to eighth grade with a majority of children residing in the Norwich area and 15% in nearby towns. The charter school has an application wait list and holds a lottery for admittance of pre-kindergarten students.</p><br>
<p>Since the time of its NRHP nomination, the plant and the surrounding area have undergone numerous changes which have impacted and removed buildings. The construction of the Integrated Day Charter School removed the Research and Development and Storage Building 1. The "Colosseum" as it was termed, was an outdoor gym which retained sides of the former building. Completed in 2008, the two-story addition created an indoor gymnasium, kitchen, offices and a new lobby for the school at a cost of $2 million. The renovation of the large Manufacturing building included the installation of new windows and energy-efficient roofing along with the installation of modern mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The American Thermos Bottle Company Laurel Hill Plant is historically significant as the primary factory for the production of Thermos bottles that would allow the company to dominate in the world market. It is also historically significant as an example of the Norwich community coming together to attract the company and diversify the local industry. The plant was the primary factory where Thermos bottles were manufactured from raw materials between 1913 and 1984. The complex is architecturally significant as an example of late-19th century and early 20th century industrial mill design being adapted for new industry. The American Thermos Bottle Company Laurel Hill Plant was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Winslow Ames House is a prefabricated modular International Style house in New London, Connecticut, United States. It was designed by Robert W. McLaughlin Jr. and was built in 1933. Winslow Ames, a professor of art history at Connecticut College and the art director of the Lyman Allyn Museum, had the home built after attending the Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago. Constructed for $7,500, the prefabricated house is one of two surviving Motohomes produced by McLaughlin&#39;s company American Houses Inc. The modular house, comprising three rectangles and a flat roof, was constructed on a concrete slab with a welded steel framework. It was made with asbestos panels and features a core component that provides the heating and plumbing functions for the house. The other two modules feature two bedrooms and a one-car garage.</p><br>
<p>Ames and his family resided in the house briefly, Connecticut College acquired the house in 1949 and used it for faculty housing until 1986. The house was in a state of disrepair by 1989 and was a hazard due to its construction with asbestos panels. It was slated to be demolished, but Ms. Hendrickson rallied supporter to the save the house after uncovering its history. A restoration and rehabilitation project was completed in 1994 and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. The other prefabricated house built by Ames, House at 130 Mohegan Avenue, was also added the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The Winslow Ames House was unlike other homes of the 1930s, it is a modular home that was constructed on a concrete slab and constructed with a welded steel framework. The designer of the house was John B. McLaughlin Jr., who co-founded American Houses Inc. in 1932. McLaughlin&#39;s designs focused on inexpensive housing through mass production and new materials and technology. The International Style house was modular and intended to allow easy enlargement, dismantling and relocation of the structure if needed. The houses, termed "Motohomes", featured modular "motounits" that contained heating and plumbing equipment. The use of steel in the prefabricated homes would later be limited by World War II, which made steel unavailable for civilian use. After the war, prefabricated homes were typically made of wood and offices were normally constructed of steel and concrete.</p><br>
<p>The house bears the name of Winslow Ames, a professor of art history at Connecticut College and the art director of the Lyman Allyn Museum. In 1933, Ames decided to construct two houses on the museum-owned property after seeing prefabricated homes at the Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago. Ames had a strong interest in the Modernism movement and believed such houses would become predominant. The Ames house cost $7,500, similar to other McLaughlin houses from 1933 and 1934, which ranged from $3,500 to $7,500 each. Later, Ames and his family would briefly take up residence in the house. The other house, known as the "House at 130 Mohegan Avenue" would be added the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Winslow Ames house rests on a concrete foundation and has a welded steel skeleton. The walls were made of 4 ft white-painted panels that were constructed of asbestos board over an insulating core. The two-story house is composed of three rectangular modules, offset to create an irregular plan, with a flat roof structure. The largest block in the middle contains the service core with the kitchen and bathroom. The left block contains the main entry, stair hall and two bedrooms. The right block consists of the one-car garage and its second story only covers its overlap with the middle block.</p><br>
<h2>Use</h2><br>
<p>The house was ready for occupancy in 1934 and was used by many tenants, but the Ames sold the house to the Connecticut College in 1949. Sometime after its completion, Winslow Ames and his family lived in the house for a brief period. From 1949 to 1987, the college used it for faculty housing. One of the tenets, Mary Kent, lived in the house with her husband and three children from 1958 through 1961. Throughout its life the original furnace, kitchen cabinets, plumbing fixtures were replaced, but the core module has retained its purpose. The house fell into a state of disrepair, becoming an "eyesore". By 1989, the college was concerned with the asbestos in the building and obtained a permit to demolish the house; the college intended to use the land for a boathouse. After its restoration was completed, the Connecticut College uses the house as an office and for meeting rooms.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>The house was saved through the efforts of Ms. Hendrickson, who uncovered the history surrounding the house and its designer. The interior and exterior of the house was coated with white paint, but the restoration did not revert the flooring to the original Masonite rectangles. The restoration project was completed in 1994 and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
